中国环境科学

作者：黄康哲, 薛睿康, 侯毅, 季刚, 黄廷林, 文刚

单位：西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院, 秦岭水源地水质陕西省野外科学观测研究站, 陕西省水污染控制与水质安全保障协同创新中心, 陕西 西安 710055

关键词：水源水库,降雨径流,径流污染,入库潜流,优质取水

基金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3203602)

Sanhekou Reservoir was taken as the representative to conduct field monitoring of multiple storm runoffs in the flood season of 2022. The characteristics of runoff pollution, the law of runoff inflow and its influence on reservoir water quality under different rainfall characteristics were explored, and a high-quality water intake scheme was proposed. The results showed that the total phosphorus and total iron in rainfall runoff were mainly in the granular state, and their concentrations increased significantly with the increase of rainfall intensity, which could be increased to 19 and 37 times of the concentration in the base flow, respectively. The total nitrogen and permanganate index were mainly dissolved, and their concentrations were weakly correlated with rainfall intensity, which could only increase to 2.6 and 2.1 times of the concentration in the base flow, respectively. Runoff entered the reservoir area in the form of isopycnal undercurrent, and the inflow process usually presented thermocline undercurrent, which deteriorated the water quality of the middle and lower layers. Runoff could be effectively predicted by comprehensively considering the antecedent precipitation index and daily rainfall, and runoff was a key indicator to determine whether the main reservoir area was directly affected by storm runoff. The flood peak flow of 2022-10-03 was greater than 1300m3/s, and the subsurface flow directly entered the main reservoir area, which increased the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total iron and permanganate index of the thermocline from 1.224,0.019,0.106,3.790mg/L to 1.511,0.079,0.828,4.320mg/L, respectively. The water quality of the thermocline exceeded the Class III standard of surface water for half a month. In the project, high turbidity and high pollution source water could be avoided by stratified water intake.

来源：2024年第11期

《中国环境科学》期刊编辑部

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